Claude is a large language model (LLM) — a neural network trained on vast amounts of text. It predicts the most useful continuation of any input. That makes it brilliant at language, reasoning, and code — and it is also why it can sometimes be confidently wrong.
What Claude does well:
• Reading, understanding, and summarising long documents
• Writing and editing code in dozens of languages
• Explaining complex technical concepts in plain English
• Reasoning through multi-step problems step by step
• Adapting its tone — technical for engineers, plain English for a CEO
What Claude does not do:
• Browse the internet in real time (unless given a tool for it)
• Remember previous conversations (each session starts fresh by default)
• Guarantee factual accuracy — always verify important claims
• Know about events after its training cutoff date
Context window — Claude reads everything you put in a session as one big document. The context window is the maximum size of that document. Claude Code uses Claude's full 200 000-token window (≈150 000 words). When it fills up, old content is automatically compressed.
Claude Code is different from Claude.ai: Claude.ai is a chatbot. Claude Code is an *agent* — it reads your actual files, runs commands, makes edits, and loops until the task is done.
🎯 Exercise
Go to claude.ai and ask: "Explain how you work — what is a transformer, what is a token, and what are your limitations?" Compare its self-description to what you just read.
💡 Pro tip
Claude is not a search engine. It generates plausible text, not ground truth. Treat its output like advice from a brilliant but occasionally overconfident colleague — useful, but always verify critical facts.